Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, causing the rapid growth of skin cells. This leads to the formation of thick, scaly patches on the skin’s surface, commonly on areas such as the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. Psoriasis occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, speeding up the cell turnover process. Normally, skin cells take about a month to rise to the surface and shed, but in psoriasis, this process occurs in just a few days.

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Triggers such as stress, infections, injuries to the skin, and certain medications can worsen the condition. There are different types of psoriasis, including plaque psoriasis (the most common), guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, and pustular psoriasis, each presenting with slightly different symptoms.

Symptoms of psoriasis can vary in severity, ranging from small patches to large, painful areas of skin. It can also lead to joint pain, known as psoriatic arthritis. Although there is no cure for psoriasis, treatments such as topical creams, phototherapy, and systemic medications can help control symptoms and manage flare-ups. Managing triggers and maintaining skin care routines can also help alleviate the condition.