Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), also known as Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), is a hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, although not everyone with PCOS has cysts. The condition disrupts normal hormone levels, leading to a variety of symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and difficulties with ovulation, which can result in infertility.

Common symptoms of PCOS include irregular periods, heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, acne, excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, and back, and thinning hair on the scalp. Many people with PCOS may also experience weight gain or have difficulty losing weight, as well as mood swings and sleep problems. Additionally, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but factors like genetics, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances are believed to play a role. While there is no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be managed with lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management. Medications like birth control pills, anti-androgen drugs, or fertility treatments may also help regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms. Early diagnosis and proper management can help improve quality of life and prevent long-term health issues.