A migraine is a type of headache characterized by severe, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. It is typically accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smells. Migraines can last anywhere from a few hours to several days, and their intensity can range from moderate to debilitating. The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but they are thought to result from abnormal brain activity that affects nerve signals, blood vessels, and chemicals in the brain.

There are different types of migraines, including migraine with aura, which involves visual disturbances (like flashing lights or blind spots) before the headache begins, and migraine without aura, where the headache comes on suddenly without these warning signs. Some people may experience other symptoms like dizziness or tingling sensations.

Several factors can trigger migraines, including stress, certain foods (like chocolate, cheese, and caffeine), hormonal changes, sleep disturbances, bright lights, or weather changes. Genetics also play a role, as migraines often run in families.

Treatment for migraines typically includes medications to relieve symptoms, such as pain relievers, anti-nausea drugs, or triptans. Preventive measures, including lifestyle changes, stress management, and avoiding triggers, can also help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.