Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common and often silent medical condition where the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number, representing the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the lower number, representing the pressure when the heart rests between beats). A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is generally defined as a reading consistently higher than 130/80 mmHg.

Hypertension can develop over many years and often has no noticeable symptoms, which is why it is called the "silent killer." If left untreated, it can increase the risk of serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision loss. The exact cause of hypertension is not always clear, but it can be influenced by factors like genetics, obesity, high salt intake, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress.

Managing hypertension often involves lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthier diet (low in sodium and rich in fruits and vegetables), regular physical activity, reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications may also be prescribed to help control blood pressure and prevent complications. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key in managing hypertension.