Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. People with Type 1 diabetes need to take insulin for life. Type 2 diabetes, more common, occurs when the body either becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin. It is often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity.

Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose for energy. Without enough insulin or with insulin resistance, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. Over time, poorly managed diabetes can cause serious complications, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve problems, and vision loss.

Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection and management are essential to prevent complications. Treatment includes lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, along with medications or insulin therapy. Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly is critical for people with diabetes to maintain control over their condition.